As the new year arrived, TransCare was already having trouble paying its vendors and maintaining stocks of crucial medicines. In March 2015, the company was late in paying its employees — and it would not be the last time. Ambulances and other company vehicles, which employees often referred to by numbers like 807 and terms like “bus,” regularly broke down. TransCare’s decline accelerated early this year after the company lost major contracts with the city of New Rochelle, N.Y., and hospitals...

There is C.E.O. pay. Then there is private equity C.E.O. pay. When large corporations disclose how much money their top executives make each year, the companies list salary, bonus and, in many cases, stock options or grants. It can add up to tens of millions of dollars. Top executives at the publicly traded private equity firms get all that, and a whole lot more. They often pocket money from a variety of additional sources that can total hundreds of millions of dollars a year. To determine...